European Middle Ages

How People Once Tried to Weigh the Human Soul
The 21-Gram Experiment—Dr. Duncan MacDougall’s Controversial Study In 1907, Dr. Duncan MacDougall, a physician from Haverhill, Massachusetts, set out to ...

5 Books That Changed Our Understanding of the Origin of Life
1.On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin—The Foundation of Evolutionary Theory Few books in history have reshaped our understanding ...

How Urine Led to the Foundation of Chemistry
Ancient Uses of Urine—From Cleaning to Medicine For much of human history, urine was more than just waste—it was a ...

How Did the Victorians Deal With Anxiety and Depression?
The Overuse of Laudanum—A Dangerous Cure-All for Nerves In the Victorian era, laudanum was the go-to remedy for nearly every ...

Did Victorian Women Really Remove Ribs to Get a Smaller Waist?
The Origins of the Rib Removal Myth—Fact or Fiction? The idea that Victorian women underwent rib removal surgery to achieve ...

Why Did Victorian Women Faint So Often?
Tight Corsets—The Fashion Choice That Restricted Breathing Victorian fashion was as much about aesthetics as it was about social status, ...

Why Were Victorian Houses Built with Fake Windows?
The Window Tax—How Government Fees Shaped Architecture The Window Tax, introduced in England and Wales in 1696 under King William ...

What Was the Weirdest Medical Treatment in Ancient Rome?
Gladiator Blood as a Cure for Epilepsy In ancient Rome, few medical treatments were as bizarre—or as gruesome—as the belief ...

Why Did Ancient Romans Use Urine for Cleaning Clothes?
The Science Behind It—How Ammonia in Urine Acts as a Detergent At first glance, the idea of using urine as ...

Where Was the Most Secure Prison in History—And Did Anyone Escape?
Alcatraz—The Infamous Island Fortress of the U.S. Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary was designed to be the ultimate escape-proof prison, and for ...